![]() Na+ more strongly inhibits DNA compaction by spermidin(3+) than K+. Condensation of nonstoichiometric DNA/polycation complexes by divalent cations. The anomalous gel migration of a stable cruciform: temperature and salt dependence, and some comparisons with curved DNA. Rapid prototyping of three-dimensional DNA-origami shapes with caDNAno. Directed nucleation assembly of DNA tile complexes for barcode-patterned lattices. Folding DNA to create nanoscale shapes and patterns. A 1.7-kilobase single-stranded DNA that folds into a nanoscale octahedron. Conformational flexibility facilitates self-assembly of complex DNA nanostructures. Hierarchical self-assembly of DNA into symmetric supramolecular polyhedra. ![]() The construction of a DNA truncated octahedron. Synthesis from DNA of a molecule with the connectivity of a cube. Rapid chiral assembly of rigid DNA building blocks for molecular nanofabrication. DNA nanotubes self-assembled from triple-crossover tiles as templates for conductive nanowires. Design and characterization of programmable DNA nanotubes. DNA-templated self-assembly of protein arrays and highly conductive nanowires. Design and self-assembly of two-dimensional DNA crystals. Antiparallel DNA double crossover molecules as components for nanoconstruction. Molecular self-assembly and nanochemistry: a chemical strategy for the synthesis of nanostructures. We anticipate that our strategy for self-assembling custom three-dimensional shapes will provide a general route to the manufacture of sophisticated devices bearing features on the nanometre scale. Proper assembly requires week-long folding times and calibrated monovalent and divalent cation concentrations. We also show hierarchical assembly of structures such as homomultimeric linear tracks and heterotrimeric wireframe icosahedra. ![]() We demonstrate the design and assembly of nanostructures approximating six shapes-monolith, square nut, railed bridge, genie bottle, stacked cross, slotted cross-with precisely controlled dimensions ranging from 10 to 100 nm. Here we extend this method to building custom three-dimensional shapes formed as pleated layers of helices constrained to a honeycomb lattice. Templated self-assembly of DNA 18 into custom two-dimensional shapes on the megadalton scale has been demonstrated previously with a multiple-kilobase ‘scaffold strand’ that is folded into a flat array of antiparallel helices by interactions with hundreds of oligonucleotide ‘staple strands’ 19, 20. DNA has proved to be a versatile building block 2, 3, 4, 5 for programmable construction of such objects, including two-dimensional crystals 6, nanotubes 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and three-dimensional wireframe nanopolyhedra 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. Molecular self-assembly offers a ‘bottom-up’ route to fabrication with subnanometre precision of complex structures from simple components 1.
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